Prophylactic treatment of GG was found to significantly inhibit the expression of surfactant protein D (sftp-D) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) while reducing the expression of mucin-1 (muc1) and exotoxin to 1.5- to 2-fold as compared to the infection control (Figure 2D). Here, MUC1 is linked to infection.