However, there were significant differences among the three groups in terms of age, diabetes duration, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking status, overweight, severe obesity, MMSE score ≥24, MMSE score 19-23, MMSE score ≤18, all CKD risk stages (low, moderate, high, and very high), eGFR, UACR, creatinine, BMI, SBP, DBP, HbA1c, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, uric acid, medications for T2DM, statins, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs). The gene discussed is ACE; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.