NAFLD in a non-obese population is not uncommon, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs738409) in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene with the development of NAFLD (57). Here, PNPLA3 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.