In NSCLC patients, transforming growth factor (TGF-β) induces CD39 and CD73 expression on MDSCs through the mTOR/HIF-1α signaling, which makes CD39+CD73-MDSCs highly enriched in tumor tissue and produces adenosine to inhibit T cell activity (103). The gene discussed is ENTPD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.