The prognosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has considerably improved in recent decades due to the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which block programmed death (ligand) 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4) and combinations of ICI plus vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is renal cell carcinoma.