TNF and Parkinson disease: When compared to the MPTP + vehicle group, the NaB and MMF treatment substantially decreased the serum levels of IL-6 (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001 vs. MPTP + vehicle, respectively) (Figure 7B) and TNF-α (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01 vs. MPTP + vehicle, respectively) (Figure 7C) in MPTP-treated mice, indicating their effects to alleviate systemic inflammation in PD mice.