In this study, mNICE and ASPEN performed with superior sensitivity and positive predictive values compared with SNAQ and GLIM, partly because the mNICE and ASPEN also included other risk factors that are known to associate with RFS, such as alcohol abuse or a medical history of long-term insulin use, and low baseline levels of potassium, phosphorus/phosphate, or magnesium before feeding [28,29]. Here, INS is linked to alcohol abuse.