GSTM1 and cancer: In a study that utilized the Women’s Health Initiative data of ~160,000 postmenopausal women in order to examine the associations of Hb levels with cancer mortality, coronary heart disease mortality, and total mortality, it showed that both low and high deciles of Hb were positively associated with all outcomes, and that a low mean Hb level specifically demonstrated a robust, positive association even after three years of follow-up [63].