We further assessed whether reduced Akt phosphorylation observed in adipose tissue of WT HF mice or in PA-treated cells was mediated by AMPK, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with PA or a widely used pharmacological AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) alone or in combination. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is hydrops fetalis.