Through the activation of Nrf2, PTS countered the induction of NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappaB) and diminished the levels of oxidative stress mediators, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), and aldolase reductase in an AOM-induced colon cancer rodent model [40]. This evidence concerns the gene NOS2 and infectious otitis media.