In DKD rats and HG-induced MPC-5 cells, icariin could upregulate Sesn2 expression to induce mitophagy and activate the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 axis to inhibit NLRP3-related inflammation [134], icariin can also lighten renal inflammation by suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thus reducing renal fibrosis [135]. Here, HMOX1 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.