Zhang et al. research showed that crocin reduced renal oxidative stress and inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18) by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby reducing the expression of renal fibrosis proteins (TGF-β, collagen I, and collagen IV) and protecting the kidney [231]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to renal fibrosis.