ACTA1 and renal fibrosis: Gao et al. research showed that cardamonin reduced apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and renal fibrosis of MGO-treated NRK 52E cells and diabetic rats, its mechanism is related to regulating PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT signaling pathway, reducing caspase-3, Bax, NF-κB, FN, α-SMA, and TGF-β1 protein expression, and increasing Bcl-2 and vimentin expression [146].