Moreover, Urrego-Callejas et al. found that the urine levels of MCP-1 were significantly increased in patients with a National Institutes of Health (NIH) renal pathology chronicity index (CI) score ≥ 4, fibrous crescents, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis, underscoring the potential utility of this molecule as a less invasive, complementary biomarker of kidney damage in real-life clinical settings [92]. Here, CCL2 is linked to Nephropathy.