Of relevance to the diagnosis of LN, the urine levels of NGAL were found to be higher in patients with LN than in patients with non-renal SLE in two independent cohorts, exhibiting an overall good diagnostic ability (AUC = 0.70–0.99; sens.: 67–98%; spec.: 63–100%) [41,42]. This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and systemic lupus erythematosus.