Migraine patients have higher plasma concentrations of IL-8 and lower concentrations of PAI-1 and sICAM-1 compared to healthy individuals (control), as shown in Figure 1B. However, with regard to the type of migraine, i.e., migraine with or without aura, IL-8 levels as well as PAI-1 and sICAM-1 do not differ significantly between patient groups (Figure 1C). This evidence concerns the gene SERPINE1 and migraine disorder.