Despite this last series of observations, it seems inappropriate to consider neuronal hyperactivity in the LC of animals exposed to prenatal malnutrition as the sole factor influencing CRF activity in the PVN—and thereby the downstream activation of both the HPA axis and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary network—because neuronal activity in the LC is in turn influenced by many reciprocal neural inputs. This evidence concerns the gene CRH and nutritional deficiency disease.