DPP4 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Additionally, Ambrosi et al. observed that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) increased in CD45− CD31− Sca1+ CD24+ BMSCs in obesity mice, and blunting DPP4 would recovery osteogenesis of CD45− CD31− Sca1+ CD24+ BMSCs and improve obesity [123].