CD4 and neoplasm: Tumor cell-released autophagosomes have also been demonstrated to decrease antitumor immunity by promoting anti-inflammation through the induction of M2-like macrophages with increased expression of PD-L1 [93], inducing CD4+ T cell-mediated immune suppression via a TLR2-IL-6 cascade [136] and triggering IL-10-producing B cells, with suppressive activity on T lymphocytes via the TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB signal pathway [133].