TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: For instance, proteins that are prone to misfold and that are encoded by genes mutated in MNDs include the androgen receptor containing an elongated polyglutamine (ARpolyQ) tract in its N-terminus, which causes spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) [32], as well as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43), sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62), and optineurin, which are all causative of different familial forms of ALS [33,34].