In summary, 9 of the 12 genes with rare variants associated with MS in our study encode proteins that are (potentially) involved in regulating (de-/re-)myelination (MBP, PLK1, MECP2, MTMR7, TOX3, CPT1A, SORCS1, TRIM66, and ITPR3), while four of the 12 genes (TRIM66, TTC28, CACNA1F, and PRAM1) are linked to (auto-)immune processes. This evidence concerns the gene CPT1A and myeloid sarcoma.