As an example, key alterations of APC (adenomatous polyposis coli), TP53 (tumor protein p53), KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma virus) and SMAD4 (SMAD family member 4) genes that drive colon cancer development have not been shown to be responsible for the progression of other cancers [16]. The gene discussed is SMAD4; the disease is malignant colon neoplasm.