In summary, MHDIs listed in this review exert neuroprotective effects against Aβ-induced cognitive decline by downregulating Aβ accumulation, oxidative stress, tau hyperphosphorylation, inflammation, synaptic damage, and neuronal apoptosis in the cortex and hippocampus in the early and late phases in in vivo models of AD. This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and Alzheimer disease.