MMP9 and breast cancer: Shogaols also inhibited breast cancer cell metastasis via a variety of mechanisms, including MMP-9 inhibition of NF-kB activation, invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells, and inhibiting invasion by decreasing levels of c-Src kinase, cortactin, and MT1-MMP, all of which inhibited the growth and sustainability of breast cancer cells [45,46,47].