Interestingly, a fully reduced form of HMGB1 has been found in the brain and serum early after experimental cerebral ischemia; however, the oxidized disulfide form of HMGB1 with a cytokine-inducing capability dominates after 24 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) [17]. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is Cerebral ischemia.