ADIPOQ and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: This may be due to the secretion of adiponectin in PVAT being influenced by other factors in addition to β3-AR, including the glucocorticoid receptor in the adipose tissue of obesity [24] and 4-hydroxynonenal (a product of lipid peroxidation) in the PVAT of atherosclerotic patients [25].