Clinically, immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies against PD1/PD-L1 has improved clinical outcomes of metastatic NSCLC patients whose tumor cells display certain biological characteristics, such as PD-L1 expression, high tumor mutational burden, or mismatch repair deficiency/microsatellite instability [10,11,12]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.