TLR4 and cancer: For example, cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived IL-8 enhances chemoresistance via NF-κB activation in GC [42], gastric cancer cell-derived exosomes induce autophagy and pro-tumor activation of neutrophils via NF-κB by HMGB1/TLR4 interaction [43], and alpha B-crystallin promotes GC cells invasion and metastasis via NF-κB-induced EMT.