With regard to the AT’s composition, we found that the expression of the adipocyte differentiation marker PPARG was significantly greater in the SIV+ART+ group than in the SIV+ group; this might have reflected adipocyte hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy after a long period of infection and/or ART; this difference has been observed previously in simian models [47] and in humans [48] and is associated with a relative increase in adipocyte density. This evidence concerns the gene PPARG and infection.