A recent study highlighted the importance of the Neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM or CD171) in AD brains; L1CAM has been linked with several key mechanisms in neural homeostasis, including axonal growth, neuronal migration and differentiation, and has been shown to have a protecting function in AD by binding to Aβ and favoring its clearance, most likely by inducing the expression of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) (Figure 3c) [196]. Here, MIF is linked to Alzheimer disease.