CASR and cardiac hypertrophy: In the same cells, astragaloside IV (AsIV) attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis and protected against cardiac injury by reducing the expression of the CaSR, reducing Ca2+ release from the ER through the PLC–IP3R pathway, and promoting Ca2+ reuptake into the ER through the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase2a (SERCA2a) pathway, suppressing the activation of the CaMK-II and CaN pathways and inhibiting NFAT-3 nuclear translocation [56].