CASR and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: The existing studies demonstrate that the CaSR mediates intracellular communications between the ER, mitochondria, nucleus, protease/proteasome, and autophagy–lysosome, and therefore, it plays complex roles in cardiovascular diseases, including the ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury, hypertension/hypoxia-induced cardiac hypertrophy, DCM, and cardiorenal syndrome.