A further ICD hallmark is the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit α (eIF2α), which correlates with CALR exposure and tumour infiltration by DCs and CD8+ T-cells; this suggests that dampening microbial (especially viral) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) translation could have been one of the first mechanisms of response to infectious pathogens [22,31]. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.