The aim of this article is to present the current knowledge and the future perspectives regarding the prognostic value of ctDNA in NSCLC, focusing on the most common druggable driver mutations, including those in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1), rearranged during transfection (RET), kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS), B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF), and mesenchymal epithelial transition factor receptor (MET) genes. Here, ALK is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.