Based on the growing volume of data, both the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved in 2016 the first ctDNA-based “liquid biopsy” for the identification and quantification of somatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations that allows us to pinpoint patients with NSCLC who will benefit from targeted therapy, specifically in cases where we are not able to obtain a tissue biopsy [20,21]. Here, EGFR is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.