The principal findings: (1) serum hepcidin levels in patients with AL or undergoing HCT are increased compared to controls, regardless of the patient’s age and the phase of disease treatment; (2) AL therapy and HCT significantly influence serum hepcidin levels; (3) serum hepcidin may predict a worse outcome in patients with AL and post-HCT. This evidence concerns the gene HAMP and axial length measurement.