When TAS (ROI = 12) was compared to tumor epithelium (ROI = 12), 231 genes were differentially expressed at the RNA level (FDR < 0.2 and p-value < 0.05) with 162 genes downregulated (e.g., HLA-B, HLA-C, CDH1, MIF, RELA and MDM2) and 69 upregulated (e.g., FZD7, FGFR1, FGF7, FGFR1, TGFBR1, TCF7, FLNA, FLNAC, JAM 3 and CSFR1) in TAS as compared to tumor epithelium (Figure 5A, Supplementary Table S4). Here, TGFBR1 is linked to neoplasm.