The most frequently mutated genes were shared between ctDNA and BM samples and most of them were putative myeloma driver genes, including KRAS (19.51% vs. 14.63%), NRAS (13.41% vs. 17.07%), BRAF (8.54% vs. 6.10%), HIST1H1E (9.76% vs. 9.76%), TP53 (8.54% vs. 6.10%), FGFR3 (6.10% vs. 7.32%), DIS3 (7.32% vs. 6.10%) (Supplementary Tables S2 and S3). Here, H1-4 is linked to plasma cell myeloma.