Upon detailed assessment, cytokine levels and cirrhosis etiology revealed that HBV-cirrhosis—regardless of antiviral therapy—had a 3-fold increase in IFN-γ, TRAIL and CXCL1 (GRO-α) levels and up to 3-fold decrease in MMP-2, CXCL12, IL2RA, IL-6Rα, CCL2 (MCP1) and CCL21 (6kine) levels (Figure 2B). Here, CCL2 is linked to Cirrhosis.