Opposing pre-clinical evidence seems to support the rationale for its successful employment: on the one hand, the downstream pathway of IL-27 receptor demonstrated to activate in-vivo HCC development and to correlate with poor prognosis through the restrain of innate cytotoxic lymphocytes [58], while, on the other hand, it was demonstrated to induce PDL1 expression on different HCC cell lines thus promoting immune-escape [59]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.