CD40 and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Both the NF-kB canonical and noncanonical pathways are constitutively active in CLL cells, unfolding upon engagement of extracellular cues to cognate receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) [132], CD40 [13], BAFF-R, B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), Transmembrane Activator and Calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand (CAML) Interactor (TACI) [16], not to mention the role of protein kinases downstream of the BCR, especially PKC [131].