TGFB1 and cancer: Dominguez et al. identified CAF clusters in PDAC and other cancers, including iCAF, myCAF, and apCAF, and revealed that TGF-β-induced myCAF signature was correlated with poor prognosis in urothelial cancer patients with anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death 1) therapy [44], which suggests that myCAF might be associated with resistance to immune therapy.