PDCD1 and cancer: In a retrospective study of advanced NSCLC with PS 0-1 treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody monotherapy at the Shizuoka Cancer Center, patients who met the definition of cancer cachexia (≥5% weight loss within 6 months) prior to treatment initiation had significantly lower ORR (15% vs. 57%, p < 0.001) and significantly shorter PFS (2.3 months vs. 12.0 months, p < 0.001) [47].