In their recent study, using patient-derived tumor xenografts, Gardner et al. showed that chemoresistance to cisplatin and etoposide in SCLC is mediated by the suppression of SLFN11 (Schlafen Family Member 11), a protein that inhibits DNA replication and promotes cell death in response to DNA damage. The gene discussed is SLFN11; the disease is small cell lung carcinoma.