GDNF and cancer: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has been suggested to mediate cancer-related cachexia because GDF15 has a high affinity to glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) Family Receptor Alpha Like (GFRAL), which is highly expressed in hindbrain neurons, and the genetic ablation of GFRAL blunted the abilities of GDF15 to reduce food intake in mice [78,79].