GCG and hepatocellular carcinoma: Moreover, Yamada et al. demonstrated that GLP-1 significantly suppressed both transforming growth factor (TGF)-α- and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced migration of HuH7 cells, while it further attenuated the phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) by TGF-α and HGF in HCC [60].