INS and steatosis: Along the same line, it has been established that GLP-1 and Ex-4 stimulate hepatocyte cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, as well as inhibiting the mRNA expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 and genes linked with fatty acid synthesis in primary rat hepatocytes, haulting hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice by the improvement insulin sensitivity [30].