For discriminating between PCa and BPH in the “PSA gray zone”, the occurrence of PD-L1, GDF-15, and CD68 immunoreactive cells may also be used as an additional marker similar to urinary molecular PCa risk score (UMPCaRS) by using the sum of three upregulated genes (PDLIM5, GDF-15, THBS4) [63]. Here, GDF15 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.