AKT1 and breast cancer: In addition, a study conducted by Bhowmik and Gomes (2017) demonstrated that the coupling of AuNP with a cytotoxic protein NKCT1 (AuNP-NKCT1) might promote breast cancer cell death via the estrogen receptor pathway by the deactivation of CDK4 and PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2 and p38, MAPK signaling pathway having significant inhibition on NF-κB, and decreasing the action of MMP9 [95].