The anti-hyperlipidemic effect of ALA is also associated with upregulation of short-, medium- and long-chain fatty acid metabolic processes (Acot1, Acot2, Acsf2, and Crat) and downregulation of lipogenic genes such as Pnpla3, Pnpla5, Elovl6, Acly and Gpam, which are major genetic risk factors for developing NAFLD [72]. Here, PNPLA5 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.