Of the top 5 ranked TNFα signaling via NFκB hallmark genes, JAG1, a Notch ligand correlated with prostate cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, and reactive stroma formation47–49, was distinctly increased in clusters 6 and 11 compared to clusters 5 and 12 (Fig. 3b and Supplementary Fig. 4e). Here, TNF is linked to prostate cancer.