Studies have shown that plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine-181 (pTau181) can discriminate AD dementia from both non-AD dementias and Aβ-negative cognitively unimpaired older adults (7–10), and can predict cognitive decline (11,12) and progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia (13,14). The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Mental deterioration.