The effect of co-culture with infected epithelia on macrophages was also determined by a multiplex cytokine assay from Meso Scale Discovery (MSD), for the release of IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-6, and TNFα at 24 hours or 72 hours post infection into the basolateral media, as well as the release from the apical side. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.