Variants in the gene located on chromosome 22 that encode for Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) have been found to be strongly associated with increased risk of various forms of kidney diseases among people of African descent, with three times greater risk of developing lupus nephritis, seven times greater risk of developing hypertensive nephrosclerosis, seventeen times greater risk of developing primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and twenty nine times greater risk to develop HIVAN [9, 10]. The gene discussed is APOL1; the disease is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.