Although a specific subset of ISGs (including IFI27, ISG15, BST2, OAS1, OAS3, and OASL) that comprise an IFN-related DNA damage–resistant signature (IRDS) are upregulated in cancer cells and induce an unfavorable response to anticancer immunity (55–57), their functions are not associated with cancer metabolism. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and cancer.