Urinary complement C5 concentration was statistically significantly increased in IgAV-N patients (1.36 μg/mmol [0.65–2.85]) compared to IgAVwoN (0.38 μg/mmol [0.03–0.72]; p = 0.005) and all other groups – SLEwoLN (0.24 μg/mmol [0.02–0.55]; p = 0.001), LN (0.16 μg/mmol [0.05–0.33]; p = 0.0001) and healthy controls (0.28 μg/mmol [0.10–0.51]; p = 0.002) (Fig. 2C). This evidence concerns the gene C5 and lobular neoplasia.